Skip to content

Berlekamp-Massey / Kitamasa Ladder

Who This Is For

Use this ladder when you already trust linear recurrences, but the matrix route feels too cubic or the recurrence itself must be recovered from a prefix first.

Warm-Up

  • fixed-order recurrence notation
  • modular arithmetic over one trusted prime field
  • knowing exactly what the first d terms mean

Core

  • Kitamasa / characteristic-polynomial reduction for the k-th term
  • Berlekamp-Massey discrepancy updates for shortest-recurrence recovery

Stretch

  • move from "recurrence given" to "recurrence hidden in a prefix"
  • compare this lane with matrix exponentiation and FPS / generating-function viewpoints

Retrieval Layer

Repo Anchors

Exit Criteria

You are ready to move on when you can:

  • translate the recurrence into the repo coefficient convention without guessing
  • explain why reducing powers of x modulo the recurrence replaces matrix powers
  • recover the shortest recurrence from a prefix with Berlekamp-Massey
  • tell when the ordinary matrix route is still the better first tool

External Practice